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How reinforcing is a young person’s home simply as a physical place? How does it look or sound or smell? How often do other members of his family reinforce him with attention, approval, or affection—and for what behavior? How often do they disapprove of him and punish him? What competing contingencies await him elsewhere? Do the approval and disapproval of the people he meets from day to day shape and maintain the kind of behavior which, as we say, observes the social amenities, or do they make him rude and selfish? (p. 470)