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The technology resulting from the study of reinforcement has been extended into other fields of psychological inquiry. It has permitted Blough, Guttman, and others to convert pigeons into sensitive psychophysical observers. It has allowed pharmacologists and psychologists in pharmacological laboratories to construct behavioral baselines against which the effects of drugs on the so-called higher mental processes can be evaluated. It has enabled Lindsley and his co-workers to test the limits of the environmental control of psychotic subjects. And so on, in a long list. (p. 170)